Are mothers of sons more traditional? The influence of having son(s) and daughter(s) on parents’ gender ideology

The Journal of Chinese Sociology

Table 3 Summary of OLS regression models of the impact of children’s gender structure on parental gender ideology (N = 8339)

Variables	Model 4		Model 5
Variables	B	SE	B	SE
Gender (reference group: male)	−0.121***	0.015	−0.188***	0.029
Age	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Age-squared	0.000***	0.000	0.000***	0.000
Ethnicity	0.027	0.027	0.025	0.027
Type of Hukou	−0.106***	0.019	−0.106***	0.019
Communist party membership	−0.104***	0.024	−0.105***	0.024
Religious belief	−0.042	0.031	−0.042	0.031
Frequency of participation in religious activities	0.013	0.007	0.013	0.007
Level of education (elementary school or below = 0)
Secondary school	−0.163***	0.019	−0.157***	0.019
High school	−0.213***	0.024	−0.207***	0.024
College and above	−0.233***	0.033	−0.229***	0.033
Frequency of internet usage	−0.017**	0.007	−0.018**	0.007
Working status	0.015	0.019	0.014	0.019
Income	−0.012***	0.003	−0.012***	0.003
Education level of father	−0.002	0.004	−0.002	0.004
Education level of mother	−0.002	0.006	−0.003	0.006
Number of children	0.019*	0.010	0.019	0.010
Only sons	0.005	0.019	−0.020	0.026
Both sons and daughters	0.029	0.023	−0.032	0.029
Female × only sons			0.052	0.037
Female × both sons and daughters			0.124***	0.037
Constant	3.146***	0.052	3.180***	0.054
Adjusted R ²	0.083		0.084
F	40.63		37.39