Table 1 Descriptive statistics of all variables by gender and fertility
Male | female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Have no child | Have children | Have no child | Have children | |
Annual wage (10,000 yuan) | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
(1.9) | (3.6) | (6.5) | (3.5) | |
Hourly wage (yuan) | 90.5 | 109.9 | 111.0 | 86.9 |
(117.9) | (323.8) | (377.2) | (238.9) | |
Number of children (person) | – | 1.5 | – | 1.3 |
– | (0.8) | – | (0.6) | |
Number of children (%) | ||||
One | – | 61.5 | – | 73.4 |
Two | – | 28.0 | – | 22.1 |
Three and more | – | 10.5 | – | 4.5 |
Age (years old) | 31.2 | 38.4 | 29.2 | 36.5 |
(7.5) | (6.9) | (7.2) | (6.6) | |
Occupation (%) | ||||
Professionals or managers | 18.0 | 27.4 | 27.8 | 25.1 |
Services personnel | 25.1 | 21.5 | 40.1 | 31.2 |
Farmer | 5.0 | 8.8 | 0.4 | 4.5 |
Worker | 44.5 | 37.6 | 28.2 | 35.4 |
Others | 7.4 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
Work time (hours/month) | 197.6 | 199.0 | 200.0 | 195.9 |
(51.2) | (57.2) | (42.8) | (50.7) | |
Work sector (%) | ||||
Public | 79.4 | 76.8 | 80.6 | 77.2 |
Market | 20.7 | 23.2 | 19.4 | 22.8 |
Have a second job (%) | ||||
No | 92.6 | 86.9 | 96.5 | 93.5 |
Yes | 7.4 | 13.1 | 3.5 | 6.5 |
Spouse’s occupation (%) | ||||
Professionals or managers | 18.6 | 15.4 | 21.6 | 29.1 |
Services personnel | 24.5 | 21.7 | 26.4 | 22.1 |
Farmer | 11.2 | 20.5 | 3.5 | 5.7 |
Worker | 23.3 | 22.3 | 33.5 | 32.9 |
Others | 5.3 | 4.4 | 8.4 | 5.6 |
Unemployment | 17.1 | 15.7 | 6.6 | 4.7 |
Spouse’s work sector (%) | ||||
Public | 68.4 | 62.0 | 71.8 | 73.8 |
Market | 14.5 | 22.4 | 21.6 | 21.6 |
Unemployment | 17.1 | 15.7 | 6.6 | 4.7 |
Spouse has a second job (%) | ||||
No | 96.2 | 95.2 | 98.7 | 93.5 |
Yes | 3.8 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 6.5 |
housework time (hours/day) | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
(0.8) | (1.5) | (1.0) | (2.5) | |
Spouse’s housework time (hours/day) | 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
(1.3) | (3.1) | (0.9) | (1.7) | |
Coreside with parents (%) | ||||
No | 95.8 | 74.0 | 97.8 | 95.7 |
Yes | 4.2 | 26.0 | 2.2 | 4.3 |
Coreside with spouse’s parents (%) | ||||
No | 95.0 | 96.1 | 44.1 | 70.9 |
Yes | 5.0 | 3.9 | 56.0 | 29.2 |
Missing of housework time (%) | ||||
No | 87.9 | 85.9 | 89.9 | 88.9 |
Yes | 12.1 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 11.1 |
Missing of spouse’s housework time (%) | ||||
No | 91.7 | 89.5 | 85.9 | 86.7 |
Yes | 8.3 | 10.5 | 14.1 | 13.4 |
Survey year (%) | ||||
1989 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 14.1 | 11.9 |
1991 | 12.1 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 12.9 |
1993 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 8.8 | 11.9 |
1997 | 13.0 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 9.3 |
2000 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 5.3 | 10.1 |
2004 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 7.0 |
2006 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 8.0 |
2009 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 8.5 |
2011 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 15.4 | 11.6 |
2015 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 10.6 | 8.8 |
Person-years | 339 | 8767 | 227 | 5812 |