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Table 8 Market expansion and the changing effect of childbirth on the wage of men and women

From: From fatherhood premium to motherhood penalty: trends in the fertility effects on men's and women's wage in China (1989–2015)

 

Annual wage

Hourly wage

Male

Female

Male

Female

Number of children

0.144***

− 0.012

0.131**

− 0.024

 

(0.040)

(0.062)

(0.041)

(0.064)

Market sector

− 0.154**

0.034

− 0.121*

0.070

 

(0.059)

(0.072)

(0.060)

(0.074)

Survey year-1989

0.075*

0.026

0.085*

0.054

 

(0.034)

(0.038)

(0.035)

(0.040)

Number of children * market sector

0.009

− 0.102*

0.006

− 0.103*

 

(0.035)

(0.050)

(0.035)

(0.052)

Number of children *(survey year-1989)

− 0.008***

− 0.010**

− 0.008***

− 0.010**

 

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.003)

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

intercept

7.110***

5.420***

3.296***

2.246*

 

(0.948)

(0.993)

(0.970)

(1.024)

R-squared

0.393

0.392

0.457

0.450

Number of respondents

2909

1978

2909

1978

Person-years

9106

6039

9106

6039

  1. All control variables are included in models; for space limitation control variables’ coefficients are not reported
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001