Table 4 The indirect impact of the place of origin and socioeconomic characteristics on migrants’ homeownership (N = 48,806)
|  | Flow to new first-tier cities → homeownership | Flow to second-tier cities → homeownership | Flow to third-tier cities → homeownership | Flow to fourth-tier cities → homeownership | Flow to fifth-tier cities → homeownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City tiers of places of origin (ref.: new first-tier cities) | |||||
 Second-tier cities | 0.129*** | 3.037*** | 0.957 | 0.530*** | 0.519*** |
 Third-tier cities | 0.129*** | 1.012 | 1.652*** | 0.217*** | 0.246*** |
 Fourth-tier cities | 0.151*** | 1.001 | 0.397*** | 3.261*** | 0.295*** |
 Fifth-tier cities | 0.164*** | 1.618*** | 1.443** | 0.668** | 2.815*** |
County-level administrative types of places of origin (ref.: municipal districts) | |||||
 County-level cities | 1.148** | 1.107** | 1.168*** | 0.750*** | 0.899 |
 Counties | 1.252*** | 1.433*** | 2.106*** | 1.662*** | 1.499*** |
Gender (ref.: female) | 1.166*** | 1.151*** | 1.229*** | 1.170** | 1.244*** |
Age | 0.976*** | 0.982*** | 0.974*** | 0.989 | 0.984** |
Married status (ref.: unmarried) | 0.990 | 1.105*** | 1.409*** | 1.251*** | 1.140** |
Educational level (ref.: below elementary school) | |||||
 Junior high school | 0.728** | 0.662*** | 0.321*** | 0.228*** | 0.256*** |
 High school | 0.615*** | 0.482*** | 0.209*** | 0.130*** | 0.124*** |
Junior college and above | 0.457*** | 0.386*** | 0.108*** | 0.074*** | 0.059*** |