Social and psychological implications of actual and defacto childlessness among older persons in East and Southeast Asia

The Journal of Chinese Sociology

Table 4 Actual and defacto childlessness and social participation among East and Southeast Asian older persons: OLS regression results

Variables	S. Korea		China		Thailand		Vietnam		Myanmar
	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)	(1)	(2)
Childlessness (children nearby = ref)
Actual childless (AC)	0.13	− 0.31	− 0.18	− 0.06	− 0.13***	− 0.16**	− 0.58***	− 0.80***	− 0.18*	− 0.24*
Defacto childless (DC)	0.01	0.06	− 0.16*	− 0.22*	0.01	0.01	− 0.05	0.05	− 0.10	0.07
Moderating variables
Female	0.12***	0.12***	0.08*	0.07*	0.10***	0.10***	− 0.11**	− 0.12**	− 0.13***	− 0.13***
HH wealth	0.09***	0.08***	0.05***	0.05***	0.01^†	0.01	0.06**	0.06**	0.07***	0.07***
Interaction terms
AC*female		0.40^†		− 0.24		0.04		0.31		0.12
DC*female		− 0.02		0.23		0.03		− 0.12		− 0.24
AC*HH wealth		− 0.35^†		− 0.18^†		− 0.04		0.11		0.05
DC*HH wealth		0.21***		0.12		0.06**		− 0.13		− 0.07
Constant	0.67***	0.69***	0.09	0.09	0.76***	0.768***	− 0.11	− 0.09	1.98***	1.99***
Unweighted number	5125	5125	4936	4936	22,020	22,020	2576	2576	4080	4080

Sources: KLoSA 2012, CHARLS 2011, SOPT 2011, VNAS 2011, MAS 2012. Sociodemographic variables are controlled
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.10