Table 4 Ordinary least square and hierarchical linear models of status discordance China 2003–2012

 Schooling years (SY)

−0.110***

(0.0052)

−0.0675***

(0.0050)

−0.116***

(0.0064)

−0.0723***

(0.0054)

 Household income (HI)

−0.0351***

(0.0082)

−0.00999

(0.0117)

−0.0354***

(0.0085)

−0.0077

(0.0125)

 Occupation (ISEI)

−0.0191***

(0.0011)

−0.0286***

(0.0012)

−0.0190***

(0.0013)

−0.0280***

(0.0013)

 Perceived mobility

  Upward mobility (UM)

0.284***

(0.0230)

0.317***

(0.0247)

0.279***

(0.0232)

0.316***

(0.0244)

  Downward mobility (DM)

−0.193***

(0.0220)

−0.226***

(0.0262)

−0.197***

(0.0217)

−0.227***

(0.0251)

 Age

0.0051***

(0.0007)

0.0055***

(0.0007)

0.0053***

(0.0007)

0.0056***

(0.0007)

 Male

−0.0717***

(0.0112)

−0.0966***

(0.0107)

−0.0774***

(0.0107)

−0.0975***

(0.0102)

 CCP membership

−0.0608***

(0.0197)

−0.0339*

(0.0185)

−0.0566***

(0.0187)

−0.0343*

(0.0180)

 Marital status

  Divorced/widowed

−0.118***

(0.0244)

−0.123***

(0.0236)

−0.121***

(0.0234)

−0.125***

(0.0234)

  Single

−0.159***

(0.0244)

−0.124***

(0.0230)

−0.148***

(0.0230)

−0.123***

(0.0219)

 Work status

  Employed

0.0489***

(0.0151)

0.0861***

(0.0154)

0.0607***

(0.0146)

0.0912***

(0.0154)

  Retired

0.028

(0.0237)

−0.0207

(0.0218)

0.0079

(0.0242)

−0.025

(0.0225)

 Urban residents

−0.479***

(0.0308)

−0.456***

(0.0317)

−0.460***

(0.0296)

−0.438***

(0.0310)

 Linear year

0.0021

(0.0047)

0.0047

(0.0045)

0.0028

(0.0045)

0.0046

(0.0044)

 CGSS

0.167***

(0.0254)

0.180***

(0.0249)

0.167***

(0.0244)

0.179***

(0.0242)

 SY# urban residents

−0.0907***

(0.0062)

−0.0852***

(0.0057)

 HI# urban residents

−0.0491***

(0.0142)

−0.0527***

(0.0149)

 ISEI# urban residents

0.0167***

(0.0016)

0.0154***

(0.0013)

 UM# urban residents

−0.0725**

(0.0337)

−0.0785**

(0.0331)

 DM# urban residents

0.0704***

(0.0245)

0.0659***

(0.0229)

 Province dummies

Yes

–

Yes

–

–

–

–

–

 Constant

−0.657***

(0.0451)

−0.616***

(0.0482)

−0.152***

(0.0480)

−0.188***

(0.0481)

sd (SY)

0.0317***

(0.0046)

0.0200***

(0.0027)

sd (HI)

0.0396***

0.0062

0.0387***

(0.0072)

sd (ISEI)

0.0064***

(0.0012)

0.0045***

(0.0008)

sd (random intercept)

0.1685***

(0.0296)

0.1674***

(0.0298)

sd (residuals)

1.0295***

(0.0092)

1.0189***

(0.0100)

Observations

68,054

68,054

68,054

68,054