Table 2 Multilevel model estimates of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health

Fixed effects

 Intercept

20.306^*** (.200)

15.582^*** (.209)

−1.089^*** (.069)

 Female (male)

1.362^*** (.148)

1.933^*** (.138)

.437^*** (.059)

 Separated (married)

−.292 (.257)

.647^*** (.239)

−.039 (.102)

 Widowed (married)

.317^* (.188)

1.203^*** (.175)

−.158^** (.072)

 Quit (never smoking)

1.216^*** (.219)

.524^*** (.203)

.525^*** (.083)

 Always smoking (never smoking)

−.452^*** (.157)

.069 (.146)

−.045 (.063)

 Age (centered by 60)

.218^*** (.008)

.044^*** (.007)

.026^*** (.003)

 Medium SES (low SES)

−1.032^*** (.161)

−1.025^*** (.156)

−.384^*** (.060)

 High SES (low SES)

−1.512^*** (.254)

−2.469^*** (.248)

−.649^*** (.112)

 County income level (centered by mean)

−.168^*** (.055)

−.353^*** (.058)

−.095^*** (.017)

 Age × medium SES

−.058^*** (.014)

.005 (.013)

.009 (.006)

 Age × high SES

−.075^*** (.018)

−.022 (.017)

−.0003 (.008)

 County income level × medium SES

.084 (.057)

.138^** (.056)

.059^*** (.020)

 County income level × high SES

.135^** (.066)

.283^*** (.065)

.067^*** (.025)

Random effects

 Level 2 (county level)

  Variance (intercept)

2.192

3.112

.131

  Covariance (intercept, medium SES)

−1.288

−1.248

−.002

  Variance (medium SES)

.757

.855

.034

  Covariance (intercept, high SES)

−1.552

−1.913

−.078

  Covariance (medium SES, high SES)

.912

1.094

.045

  Variance (high SES)

1.098

1.478

.103

 Level 1 (individual)

  Variance

34.016

29.183

1.000