Table 2 Direct effect, indirect effect, and total effect of medical costs and health level
Outcome variables | Determinants | Direct effects | Indirect effects | Total effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Log of healthcare expenditures | BMIE | 0.137 | −0.043 | 0.094 |
UBMIR | 0.047 | −0.015 | 0.033 | |
|  | NRCMS | 0 | −0.022 | −0.022 |
| Â | Age | 0 | 0.052 | 0.052 |
|  | Education | 0.110 | −0.034 | 0.076 |
|  | Household income | 0.033 | −0.010 | 0.023 |
| Â | Number of chronic diseases | 0 | 0.197 | 0.197 |
|  | Log of healthcare expenditures | 0 | −0.312 | −0.312 |
|  | Self-reported health status | −0.516 | 0.161 | −0.355 |
Self-reported health status | BMIE | 0 | 0.083 | 0.083 |
| Â | UBMIR | 0 | 0.029 | 0.029 |
|  | NRCMS | 0.062 | −0.019 | 0.042 |
|  | Age | −0.145 | 0.045 | −0.100 |
| Â | Education | 0 | 0.067 | 0.067 |
| Â | Household income | 0 | 0.020 | 0.020 |
|  | Number of chronic diseases | −0.556 | 0.174 | −0.382 |
|  | Log of healthcare expenditures | 0.881 | −0.275 | 0.606 |
|  | Self-reported health status | 0 | −0.312 | −0.312 |