Table 1 Individual circumstances and care for elders
From: Practising and displaying xiao—young mothers’ negotiations of obligations to elders
Employment status (women/husband) | Interviewee’s place of residence | Parents/parents-in-law’s place of residence | Support for elders | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | Outsider | Government/employer | ||||
Chaochao | Teacher in high school/teacher in high school | Jilin | Urban | Giving gifts for birthdays and holidays Weekly visiting | n/a | Pension |
Chunchun | Marketing manager/Senior manager in bank | Changchun | Urban | Financial support Gifts in kind | Carer (helping for cooking and cleaning) | Pension |
Dandan | Teacher in primary school/Teacher in high school | Jilin | Semi-rural | Financial assistance | n/a | Pension |
Huahua | Teacher/administrator | Jilin | Semi-rural | Financial assistance | Aunt | Pension |
Jingjing | Journalist/editor | Jilin | Urban | Pay for institutional care fee | Institutional care | Pension |
Juanjuan | Administrator/government employee | Jilin | Urban | personal care (occasional) | n/a | Pension |
Lele | Teacher/worker in private company | Jiaohe | Rural | Financial assistance | Aunt | No |
Lili | Doctor/business manager | Jilin | Rural | Monthly visiting Monthly financial support Providing extra financial and physical support when needed | n/a | No |
Nannan | Worker in power company/worker in power company | Jilin | Urban | Personal care (occasional) | n/a | Pension Supplementary medical insurance |
Qiuqiu | Accountant (divorced) | Changchun | Urban | Gifts in kind | n/a | Pension Supplementary medical insurance |
Ruirui | Teacher/accountant | Jilin | Urban | Gifts | Carer | Pension |
Xiaoli | Factory worker/taxi driver | Jiaohe | Rural | Monthly financial support | n/a | Subsistence allowance (small amount) |
Yiyi | Doctor/engineer | Jilin | Co residence (parents)/rural (parents-in-law) | Parents-in-law: Monthly financial support Monthly visiting Extra financial and physical support when need Parents: Gifts Pay for daily expense | n/a | No (parents-in-law) pension and supplementary medical insurance (parents) |
Yueyue | Factory worker/factory worker | Jilin | Urban | Gifts | n/a | Pension |
Zhenzhen | Teacher high school/government employee | Jiaohe | Semi-rural | Weekly visiting and giving gifts for both parents and parents-in-law | n/a | Pension |