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Table 1 Summary of OLS regression models of the impact of children on parental gender ideology (N = 8339)

From: Are mothers of sons more traditional? The influence of having son(s) and daughter(s) on parents’ gender ideology

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

B

SE

B

SE

B

SE

Gender (male = 0)

−0.119***

0.015

−0.121***

0.015

−0.212***

0.028

Age

0.002***

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

Age-squared

0.000***

0.000

0.000***

0.000

0.000***

0.000

Ethnicity

0.022

0.027

0.027

0.027

0.024

0.027

Type of Hukou

−0.119***

0.018

−0.107***

0.019

−0.109***

0.019

Communist party membership

−0.104***

0.024

−0.104***

0.024

−0.103***

0.024

Religious belief

−0.044

0.031

−0.042

0.031

−0.043

0.031

Frequency of participation in religious activities

0.014*

0.007

0.013

0.007

0.012

0.007

Level of education (elementary school or below = 0)

 Secondary school

−0.170***

0.019

−0.164***

0.019

−0.157***

0.019

 High school

−0.221***

0.024

−0.214***

0.024

−0.207***

0.024

 College and above

−0.242***

0.033

−0.235***

0.033

−0.230***

0.033

Frequency of internet usage

−0.019**

0.007

−0.018**

0.007

−0.019**

0.007

Working status

0.018

0.019

0.014

0.019

0.013

0.019

Income

−0.012***

0.003

−0.011***

0.003

−0.011***

0.003

Education level of father

−0.002

0.004

−0.002

0.004

−0.002

0.004

Education level of mother

−0.003

0.006

−0.003

0.006

−0.003

0.006

Number of children

  

0.026***

0.008

0.001

0.010

Female × number of children

    

0.048***

0.012

Constant

3.209***

0.047

3.149***

0.051

3.197***

0.052

Adjusted R 2

0.082

 

0.083

 

0.084

 

F

47.42

 

45.30

 

43.70

 
  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001