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Table 2 Basic features of the mergers and reorganizations policy for each province (including autonomous regions and municipalities)

From: The level of decentralization and property rights protection––a sociological analysis of property rights

Province

The basic features of the merger and reorganization policy in each province

Who is qualified to merge and reorganize other coal mines?

What are the positions of privately run coal mines in the merger and reorganization process?

How should the value of mines merged or closed be evaluated?

Beijing

Only provincial state-owned enterprises, that is, Beijing Coal Group, were retained; the rest of the coal mines were closed

Closed

Compensation standards laid out by the provincial government

Hebei

The provincial government assigned two provincial state-owned coal mine enterprises—Kailuan Group and Jizhong Energy Group—as the main mergers for privately run coal mines.

Merged or closed

Mining rights are specified by the provincial government; valuation is based on the original price; other assets are evaluated by the main party merging and reorganizing

Shanxi

The provincial government assigned eight state-owned coal mine enterprises as the main mergers, and designated merging and reorganizing areas for each enterprise.

Merged or closed in principle

Mining rights are regulated by the provincial government; the other assets are evaluated by the main party merging and reorganizing

Inner Mongolia

Determined by the negotiation between the prefectural (county) government and the coal mine enterprises within the jurisdiction.

Can apply to be the main mergers, or join with other coal mines to be the mergers.

Evaluated by intermediary agents, or determined by the market

Henan

The provincial government assigned five state-owned enterprises as the main mergers and designated merging and reorganizing areas for each enterprise

Merged or closed

Mining rights are regulated by the provincial government; the other assets are evaluated by the main party merging and reorganizing

Heilongjiang

The provincial government supported the provincial enterprise Dragon Coal Group as the main merger; the prefectural (county) government can also coordinate the list of the main mergers.

If Dragon Coal Group and other state-owned coal mines are not affected, one can apply to be the main merger.

Decisions are to be made through negotiations and consultations between the main mergers and reorganizers and mines being merged or reorganized

Jilin

Enterprises apply on their own mainly for private coal enterprises

Can either apply to be the main mergers, or join with other coal mines to be the mergers.

Evaluated by intermediary agents, or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Liaoning

The provincial government supports three provincial coal mining enterprises as the main mergers, the rest are determined by the prefectural government.

Can join other coal mines to be the mergers

Coordinated among coal mine enterprises themselves

Anhui

The provincial and municipal state-owned coal mine enterprises are the main mergers

Merged or closed

The provincial government develops compensation standards, or may be evaluated by the main mergers.

Jiangxi

Privately run coal mines can form to be mergers through voluntary negotiations

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers.

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Fujian

Determined by negotiation between the prefectural (county) government and the coal mine enterprises, but priority is given to state-owned coal mines

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers.

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Hubei

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or coordinated among coal mine enterprises themselves

Hunan

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Sichuan

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Chongqing

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Guizhou

Provincial government develops qualifications, coal mine enterprises apply on their own

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Yunnan

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Guangxi

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Shaanxi

The provincial state-owned coal mines are entrusted with the surrounding small coal mines, and the remaining mines are coordinated by the prefectural (county) government

Can join with other coal mines to be the mergers in the absence of large state-owned coal mines

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Gansu

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

To sell by auction, or parties involved reach an agreement by voluntary talks.

Ningxia

The provincial government supports state-owned coal mines as the main mergers and reorganizers

Merged or closed

Compensation standard for closed coal mines are decided by the provincial and municipal government; merged coal mines are to be evaluated by the main mergers

Xinjiang

Determined voluntarily (or jointly) by coal mine enterprises within the region, with coordination of the prefectural (county) government

Can either apply to be the main mergers and reorganizers or join other coal mines to be the mergers

Evaluated by intermediary agents or parties involved; reach an agreement through voluntary talks

Qinghai

No mergers or reorganizations

Continue to operate if lawful

 
  1. Source: Relevant documents published by each province, including views, guidance, implementation, and opinions of the merger and reorganization program issued by each provincial government, as well as the implementation plans of the merger and reorganization program issued by some prefectural (county) governments