Table 2 A multi-case study
Organization | Party committees | Government | Functional bureaus |
|---|---|---|---|
Working mode | Party leads + government supervise + functional bureaus coordinate | Government supervise + functional bureaus coordinate | Functional bureaus coordinate |
Authority type | Leadership/political authority = real authority | Administrative authority = formal authority | Professional authority = symbolic authority |
Incentive strategy | High-powered affiliated incentive; High-powered incentives of quantified reward and punishment (party and government accountability) | Medium-powered affiliated incentive; Medium-powered incentives of quantified reward and punishment (government accountability) | Low-powered affiliated incentive; Low-powered incentives of quantified reward and punishment (functional bureaus accountability) |
Incentive intensity | High-powered incentives | Medium-powered incentives | Low-powered incentives |
Governance effect | Good | Unstable | Poor |
Supporting cases | Judicial innovation (legal adviser) Family planning (1983/1991) City management (2007–2008) Reform of collective forest rights (joint management of five levels of party committees) Environmental protection (party and government accountability in future) | Judicial innovation (legal service) Family planning (1982/1984) City management (1989–2006) Environmental protection (government accountability) | Judicial innovation Family planning City management Reform of collective forest rights Environmental protection (functional bureaus accountability) |