Table 2 Descriptive statistics of controls
From: The social bases of a committed labor force: how guanxi works in the Chinese factories?
Individual-level | Freq. | Percentage | Group-level | Freq. | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | City | ||||
Male | 3021 | 59.83 | Shanghai | 40 | 14.18 |
Female | 2028 | 40.17 | Nanjing | 40 | 14.18 |
Hukou status | Nantong | 40 | 14.18 | ||
Local urban | 970 | 19.21 | Changzhou | 40 | 14.18 |
Local rural | 846 | 16.76 | Hangzhou | 41 | 14.54 |
Nonlocal urban | 765 | 15.15 | Ningbo | 40 | 14.18 |
Nonlocal rural | 2468 | 48.88 | Wenzhou | 41 | 14.54 |
Cohort | Ownership | ||||
Before 1980 | 1802 | 35.69 | State-owned | 21 | 7.45 |
1980–1986 | 1378 | 27.29 | Private | 170 | 60.28 |
After 1986 | 1869 | 37.02 | Foreign | 20 | 7.09 |
Occupational class | Joint | 71 | 25.18 | ||
Managerial/technical | 345 | 6.83 | Industry | ||
Routine nonmanual | 515 | 10.20 | Electronics | 45 | 15.96 |
Skilled worker/shop-floor supervisor | 1592 | 31.53 | Garment | 66 | 23.40 |
Unskilled worker | 2597 | 51.44 | Mechanics | 92 | 32.62 |
Labor contract | Automobile assembly | 28 | 9.93 | ||
Yes | 3278 | 64.92 | Chemical engineering | 51 | 18.09 |
No | 1771 | 35.08 | Labor/capital intensive | ||
Social insurance | Labor intensive | 140 | 49.65 | ||
Yes | 2883 | 57.10 | Capital intensive | 142 | 50.35 |
No | 2166 | 42.90 | Labor rights protection institution | ||
Workplace abuse | Yes | 105 | 37.23 | ||
Yes | 731 | 14.48 | No | 177 | 62.77 |
No | 4318 | 85.52 | Continuous variable | Mean | Sd. |
Union membership | Years of schooling | 10.66 | 2.47 | ||
Yes | 929 | 18.40 | Working experiences | 7.84 | 6.91 |
No | 4120 | 81.60 | Work autonomy | 4.58 | 1.69 |
Democratic participation in the workplace | Hourly wage | 13.37 | 5.41 | ||
Yes | 1277 | 25.29 | Scale of organization | 267.91 | 569.08 |
No | 3772 | 74.71 | Human capital stock | 21.17 | 15.67 |