Table 2 Descriptive statistics (N = 1563)
Variables | Percentage/mean |
|---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 87.01 |
Female | 12.99 |
CCP membership | |
Yes | 62.32 |
No | 37.68 |
Period of establishment | |
1978–1992 | 10.75 |
1993–2002 | 65.52 |
2003–2006 | 23.74 |
Education | |
Junior high school and below | 14.40 |
High school | 34.68 |
Technical college | 32.12 |
Undergraduate or above | 18.81 |
Age | 44.32 (7.95) |
Tax amount (ln) | 3.60 (1.89) |
Number of employees (ln) | 3.23 (1.35) |
Associational involvement | |
Yes | 67.37 |
No | 32.63 |
Political connection | |
Yes | 40.63 |
No | 59.37 |
Region | |
East | 63.79 |
Middle | 22.97 |
West | 13.24 |
Resolution strategy | |
Formal government agencies | 46.26 |
Association | 11.77 |
Enduring in silence | 18.62 |
Confrontation | 8.51 |
Informal | 14.84 |
Development of Private economy | 7.73 (2.19) |
GDP/100 (hundred million) | 11.11 (6.34) |