Table 4 MNL models predicting strategy selection (N = 1272)

Association vs Government

Confrontation vs Government

Informal vs Government

Confrontation vs Association

Informal vs Association

Informal vs Confrontation

Tax (ln)

− 0.133** (0.049)

− 0.084 (0.058)

− 0.089⁺ (0.048)

0.049 (0.067)

0.044 (0.059)

− 0.005 (0.066)

CCP

0.141 (0.185)

0.531* (0.216)

0.125 (0.168)

0.390 (0.261)

− 0.016 (0.221)

− 0.405⁺ (0.246)

Political connections

0.102 (0.189)

− 0.102 (0.213)

− 0.169 (0.184)

− 0.204 (0.256)

− 0.271 (0.234)

− 0.068 (0.254)

Association

0.325 (0.200)

− 0.178 (0.215)

− 0.354* (0.168)

− 0.503⁺ (0.266)

− 0.679** (0.228)

− 0.176 (0.242)

1993–2002

− 0.528*

− 0.440

0.026

0.088

0.554

0.466

(0.260)

(0.307)

(0.286)

(0.349)

(0.337)

(0.369)

2003–2006

− 0.471

− 0.301

− 0.024

0.169

0.447

0.277

(0.306)

(0.342)

(0.329)

(0.395)

(0.388)

(0.414)

Employment (ln)

− 0.149⁺

− 0.001

− 0.135*

0.149

0.014

− 0.135

(0.077)

(0.084)

(0.068)

(0.103)

(0.091)

(0.096)

Middle

− 0.295

− 0.994**

− 1.130***

− 0.698

− 0.835*

− 0.137

(0.306)

(0.383)

(0.316)

(0.438)

(0.375)

(0.438)

West

− 0.876⁺

− 0.964⁺

− 0.219

− 0.088

0.657

0.745

(0.450)

(0.519)

(0.363)

(0.628)

(0.505)

(0.570)

Private economy level

− 0.054

− 0.126

− 0.077

− 0.072

− 0.023

0.049

(0.087)

(0.096)

(0.086)

(0.109)

(0.101)

(0.108)

GDP/100 (hundred million)

− 0.034

− 0.033

− 0.042⁺

0.001

− 0.008

− 0.009

(0.026)

(0.026)

(0.024)

(0.032)

(0.032)

(0.032)

Other CVs

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Constant

0.670

0.452

1.036

− 0.219

0.366

0.584

(0.730)

(0.814)

(0.696)

(0.935)

(0.830)

(0.900)

Log likelihood

− 1394.15