| |
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
|---|
|
Math
|
Chinese
|
English
|
Math
|
Chinese
|
English
|
|---|
|
Motivation
|
2.266***
|
1.668***
|
2.813***
|
1.708***
|
1.180***
|
1.992***
|
|
(0.090)
|
(0.099)
|
(0.085)
|
(0.082)
|
(0.089)
|
(0.078)
|
|
Family SES
| | | |
1.005***
|
1.330***
|
1.369***
|
| | | |
(0.138)
|
(0.135)
|
(0.135)
|
|
Female
| | | |
1.134***
|
5.491***
|
4.961***
|
| | | |
(0.137)
|
(0.135)
|
(0.137)
|
|
Migrant
| | | |
0.907***
|
1.249***
|
0.615**
|
| | | |
(0.207)
|
(0.203)
|
(0.203)
|
|
Ethnic minority
| | | |
0.009
|
− 0.009
|
0.176
|
| | | |
(0.356)
|
(0.349)
|
(0.349)
|
|
Rural hukou
| | | |
0.306
|
0.268
|
− 0.062
|
| | | |
(0.170)
|
(0.167)
|
(0.167)
|
|
Only child
| | | |
0.691***
|
0.342*
|
0.706***
|
| | | |
(0.169)
|
(0.166)
|
(0.166)
|
|
Coresidence with both parents
| | | |
0.622***
|
0.587***
|
0.436**
|
| | | |
(0.171)
|
(0.168)
|
(0.168)
|
|
Cognitive test score
| | | |
5.226***
|
4.050***
|
4.187***
|
| | | |
(0.090)
|
(0.088)
|
(0.088)
|
|
Student effort
| | | |
0.082***
|
0.072***
|
0.086***
|
| | | |
(0.017)
|
(0.017)
|
(0.017)
|
|
Parent-teacher interaction
| | | |
− 0.246***
|
− 0.287***
|
− 0.213***
|
| | | |
(0.041)
|
(0.040)
|
(0.040)
|
|
Ninth grade cohort
|
0.728***
|
0.349*
|
0.847***
|
0.431**
|
0.077
|
0.395**
|
|
(0.151)
|
(0.148)
|
(0.149)
|
(0.139)
|
(0.134)
|
(0.136)
|
|
Constant
|
62.735***
|
64.526***
|
60.804***
|
63.453***
|
63.462***
|
60.854***
|
|
(0.318)
|
(0.359)
|
(0.304)
|
(0.405)
|
(0.422)
|
(0.386)
|
- Standard errors in parentheses
- *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
