Table 4 School fixed effect models predicting student-teacher interaction (N = 17,284)

Family SES

0.322***

0.354***

0.371***

0.286***

0.330***

0.324***

(0.023)

(0.023)

(0.023)

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.024)

Female

− 0.157***

0.038

0.194***

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.024)

Migrant

0.004

0.043

0.005

(0.036)

(0.036)

(0.036)

Ethnic minority

0.046

− 0.027

0.018

(0.062)

(0.061)

(0.063)

Rural hukou

0.045

0.054

0.004

(0.030)

(0.029)

(0.030)

Only child

− 0.050

− 0.041

− 0.058

(0.029)

(0.029)

(0.030)

Coresidence with both parents

0.084**

0.047

0.073*

(0.030)

(0.029)

(0.030)

Cognitive test score

0.113***

0.032*

0.110***

(0.016)

(0.015)

(0.016)

Student effort

0.017***

0.016***

0.015***

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.003)

Parent-teacher interaction

0.082***

0.083***

0.073***

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.007)

Ninth grade cohort

− 0.342***

− 0.222***

− 0.402***

− 0.367***

− 0.249***

− 0.433***

(0.024)

(0.023)

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.023)

(0.024)

Constant

5.198***

5.280***

5.393***

4.752***

4.763***

4.884***

(0.016)

(0.016)

(0.016)

(0.053)

(0.052)

(0.053)