Table 1 Foreign trade, FDI, and sectoral income levels (2000–2014)

Lagged variable

−.338^*** (.0546)

−.388^*** (.0807)

−.407^*** (.0768)

−.450^*** (.0755)

−.478^*** (.0768)

−.496^*** (.0626)

Contribution to GDP

−.00354 (.00451)

.000189 (.00347)

.00394 (.00685)

−.00604 (.00511)

−.00638 (.00560)

−.00207 (.00450)

Foreign trade

−.000278^* (.000141)

.0000737 (.000252)

.00122^*** (.000311)

.000263 (.000394)

.000298 (.000427)

.000400 (.000347)

FDI

.00271 (.00170)

.000150 (.00305)

−.00120 (.00296)

−.00223 (.00322)

−.000265 (.00340)

−.0178^*** (.00390)

GDP

−.0598 (.0559)

.0531 (.0628)

−.0346 (.0827)

.0372 (.0691)

.0399 (.0750)

.0773 (.0888)

GDP per capita

.118^** (.0521)

.0245 (.0410)

.0981^* (.0493)

.0146 (.0365)

.0171 (.0398)

.00236 (.0445)

Male workers as % of the workforce

.000452 (.000804)

.00161 (.00215)

.00506^*** (.00155)

−.000425 (.00252)

−.000730 (.00272)

.00311 (.00270)

% of the workforce with a college degree or higher

.0136^*** (.00267)

−.000811 (.00132)

.0260^*** (.00510)

−.00159 (.00111)

− 00170 (.00119)

−.000786 (.00152)

Years after 2008

.125^*** (.0333)

.176^*** (.0502)

.243^*** (.0551)

.0676^*** (.0237)

.0715^*** (.0255)

.323^*** (.0735)

Constant term

1.594 (1.033)

.453 (1.368)

.523 (1.645)

1.311 (1.613)

1.371 (1.746)

.398 (1.976)

R ²

.50

.53

.62

.50

.48

.52

Sample size

321

220

321

218

218

220