Table 3 Foreign trade, FDI, and sectoral income levels: western provinces, 2000–2014

Lagged variable

−.389^*** (.0589)

−.404^*** (.0937)

−.363^** (.0610)

−.395^*** (.0955)

−.427^*** (.102)

−.530^*** (.0943)

Contribution to GDP

.00282 (.00518)

.00269 (.00708)

.00800 (.00771)

− 00158 (.00859)

−.00141 (.00964)

.00344 (.00735)

Foreign trade

−.0004^* (.00019)

−.000873 (.000948)

−.00103 (.00161)

−.000561 (.00206)

−.000815 (.00277)

.00148 (.00177)

FDI

.00186 (.00185)

.000595 (.00623)

.000997 (.00296)

−.00739 (.00694)

−.00539 (.00743)

−.0203^** (.00771)

GDP

−.187^* (.0981)

−.0922 (.195)

−.195 (.236)

−.0301 (.273)

−.0349 (.309)

.200 (.206)

GDP per capita

.234^** (.106)

.181 (.167)

.220 (.213)

.00806 (.257)

0.00870 (.289)

−.0887 (.196)

Male workers as % of the workforce

.00129 (.000852)

.00258 (.00278)

.00351 (.00204)

.000985 (.00425)

.0000854 (.00470)

.00829^** (.00368)

% of the workforce with a college degree or higher

.0180^*** (.00298)

−.00300 (.00126)

.0268^*** (.00606)

−.00297 (.00309)

−.00278 (.00342)

−.00462 (.00278)

Years after 2008

.157^*** (.0378)

.205^** (.0727)

.254^*** (.0662)

.351^** (.133)

.378^** (.143)

.299^*** (.103)

Constant term

3.797^** (1.726)

2.865 (3.949)

3.416 (4.238)

2.793 (5.041)

3.116 (5.692)

−2.123 (3.858)

R ²

.54

.56

.70

.50

.48

.56

Sample size

209

141

209

139

139

141