Table 3 Relationships among family class background, cultural capital, and individual effort
Family cultural capital | Absence | Time spent on student activities | |
|---|---|---|---|
Model 1-1 | Model 1-2 | Model 1-3 | |
B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | |
Gender (male = 1) | − .250*** (.052) | .165*** (.016) | .513* (.203) |
Ethnicity (Han = 1) | .208** (.076) | .030 (.023) | − .638* (.260) |
Hukou (nonagricultural = 1) | .992*** (.066) | .006 (.021) | − .387 (.260) |
University (reference: elite university) | |||
211 university | − .072 (.091) | − .006 (.028) | − .249 (.351) |
non-211 university | − .161 + (.090) | − .022 (.028) | − .403 (.350) |
Major (reference: humanities) | |||
Social science | − .224* (.088) | − .078** (.027) | − .217 (.339) |
Natural science | − .285*** (.085) | − .016 (.026) | − .926** (.328) |
Cohort (2008 cohort = 1) | .226*** (.048) | − .022 (.015) | − .340 + (.187) |
Family class (reference: working-class and farmers) | |||
Nonphysical laborer | .863*** (.073) | .097*** (.023) | − .701* (.287) |
Professional | 1.521*** (.107) | .153*** (.033) | − .414 (.422) |
Managerial class | 1.586*** (.087) | .107*** (.028) | − .957** (.350) |
Family economic capital | .447*** (.026) | .049*** (.008) | − .050 (.106) |
Family cultural capital | − .003 (.005) | .039 (.061) | |
_const. | − 2.339*** | 1.248*** | 7.065*** |
N | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 |
R^2 | .442 | .061 | .020 |