Table 4 Regression analysis of college students' education achievement (N = 4004)
School grades | Student leadership | English Level Four score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 2-1 | Model 2-2 | Model 2-3 | Model 3-1 | Model 3-2 | Model 3-3 | Model 4-1 | Model 4-2 | Model 4-3 | |
B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | B/S.E. | |
Gender (male = 1) | − .859*** (− .063) | − .859*** (− .063) | − .708*** (− .064) | − .145* (.063) | − .141* (.063) | − .116 + (.063) | -22.448*** (− 2.172) | − 22.256*** (− 2.175) | − 21.2738*** (− 2.202) |
Ethnicity (Han = 1) | .326*** (− .089) | .333*** (− .089) | .399*** (− .090) | .053 (− .092) | .039 (− .092) | .064 (.093) | 21.396*** (− 3.158) | 20.665*** (− 3.157) | 20.834*** (− 3.155) |
Hukou (nonagricultural = 1) | − .096 (− .075) | − .058 (− .079) | − .051 (− .079) | − .042 (− .077) | − .028 (− .081) | − .008 (− .082) | 3.751 (− 2.684) | .459 (− 2.793) | .497 (− 2.791) |
University (reference: elite university) | |||||||||
211 university | .154 (− .109) | .141 (− .109) | .135 (− .110) | − .450*** (− .108) | − .432*** (− .109) | − .456*** (− .109) | − 49.089*** (− 3.766) | − 48.169*** (− 3.766) | − 48.203*** (− 3.763) |
Non-211 university | .053 (− .108) | .051 (− .108) | .025 (− .109) | − .518***(− .108) | − .509*** (− .108) | − .554*** (− .109) | − 87.582*** (− 3.756) | − 87.153*** (− 3.750) | − 87.286*** (− 3.747) |
Major (reference: humanities) | |||||||||
Social science | − .157 (− .104) | − .156 (− .104) | − .079 (− .104) | .205 + (− .106) | .213* (− .106) | .207 + (− .107) | 14.868*** (− 3.642) | 15.048*** (− 3.638) | 15.512*** (− 3.639) |
Natural science | − .076 (− .101) | − .083 (− .101) | − .094 (− .102) | .174 + (− .103) | .190 + (− .103) | .256* (− .104) | 9.601** (− 3.524) | 10.318** (− 3.522) | 10.416** (− 3.519) |
Cohort (2008 cohort = 1) | − .008 (− .057) | − .005 (− .057) | − .025 (− .057) | − .333*** (− .058) | .324*** (− .058) | .356*** (− .059) | 8.707*** (− 2.006) | 8.270*** (− 2.007) | 8.140*** (− 2.006) |
Family class (reference: working-class and farmers) | |||||||||
Nonphysical laborer | − .286*** (− .082) | − .232*** (− .087) | − .111 (− .088) | .029 (− .085) | − .053 (− .092) | − .026 (− .090) | 11.588*** (− 2.930) | 7.354* (− 3.082) | 7.934* (− 3.086) |
Professional | − .227 + (− .121) | − .137 (− .130) | .070 (− .132) | .225 + (− .122) | .088(− .130) | .109(− .131) | 20.022*** (− 4.231) | 12.918** (− 4.527) | 13.826** (− 4.535) |
Managerial class | − .269** (− .093) | − .168 (− .106) | − .039 (− .107) | .419*** (− .096) | .269* (− .109) | .316** (− .110) | 14.024*** (− 3.309) | 6.203 + (− 3.760) | 6.840 + (− 3.764) |
Family economic capital | − .057 + (− .033) | − .001 (− .033) | .050 (− .033) | .058 + (− .033) | 2.991** (− 1.134) | 3.280** (− 1.138) | |||
Family cultural capital | − .012 (− .019) | − .015 (− .019) | .039* (− .019) | .037 + (− .019) | 1.747** (− .656) | 1.728** (− .656) | |||
Absence | − 1.275*** (− .065) | -5.953** (− 2.417) | |||||||
Time spent on student activities | .064*** (− .005) | ||||||||
Intercepts/constant | |||||||||
Intercept 1 | − 3.219*** (− .185) | − 3.781*** (.355) | − 5.621*** (− .371) | − .345 (− .178) | .205 (− .351) | .661 (− .355) | 524.428*** (− 6.073) | 492.873*** (− 12.096) | 500.301*** (− 12.380) |
Intercept 2 | − 1.767*** (− .176) | − 2.323*** (− .351) | − 4.087*** (− .365) | .790*** (− .178) | 1.342*** (− .352) | 1.832*** (− .356) | |||
Intercept 3 | − .522** (− .174) | − 1.083** (− .349) | − 2.759*** (− .362) | 2.131*** (− .182) | 2.685*** (− .354) | 3.217*** (− .359) | |||
Intercept 4 | .710*** (− .175) | .151 (− .349) | − 1.442*** (− .361) | 3.990*** (− .208) | 4.544*** (− .368) | 5.102*** (− .373) | |||
N | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 | 4004 |
-2Log Likelihood | 11877.93 | 11873.65 | 11470.65 | 10670.51 | 10661.67 | 10498.17 | |||
R2 | .185 | .189 | .191 | ||||||