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Table 1 The relationship between government and market players (governance structure)

From: Market disputes and government intervention: an explanatory framework of risk transformation

Governance structure

Role of government

Degree of pre-intervention

Risk transformation probability

Risk sharing

Integrated governance

Athlete

High

High

Co-shared

Mixed governance

Athlete and referee

High

High

Co-shared

Third-party governance

Referee or rule maker

Low

Low

Self-assumed

Self-governance

Bystander

Low

Low

Self-assumed