| |
Parent-child relationship
|
Skill building
|
|---|
|
Variable
|
Mean (S.D.)
|
Mean (S.D.)
|
|
Dependent variables
| | |
|
Parent-child relationship
|
6.53 (.902)
| |
|
Skill building
| | |
|
Autonomy
| |
.025 (1.00)
|
|
Emotional expression
| |
−.069 (1.05)
|
|
Overall performance
| |
−.012 (1.00)
|
|
Independent variables
| | |
|
Mobility experience
| | |
|
Working class immobile
|
.378
|
.374
|
|
Downwardly mobile
|
.133
|
.133
|
|
Upwardly mobile
|
.267
|
.267
|
|
Middle class immobile
|
.220
|
.225
|
|
Control variables
| | |
|
Male
|
.419
|
.417
|
|
Age
|
49.91 (10.04)
|
49.78 (10.09)
|
|
Had one child
|
.880
|
.881
|
|
Had Shanghai hukou
|
.856
|
.856
|
|
Education level
| | |
|
Junior high or lower
|
.372
|
.358
|
|
Senior high
|
.391
|
.398
|
|
College and above
|
.236
|
.243
|
|
Sample size
|
803
|
756
|
- Note: the standard deviations of the continuous variables are in parentheses
