| |
Parent-child relationship
|
Skill building
|
|---|
|
Autonomy
|
Emotional expression
|
Overall performance
|
|---|
| |
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 4
|
Model 5
|
Model 6
|
Model 7
|
Model 8
|
|
Mobility experiencea
| | | | | | | | |
|
Downwardly mobile
|
0.003
|
0.002
|
0.170
|
0.168
|
0.108
|
0.088
|
0.126
|
0.134
|
| |
(0.237)
|
(0.240)
|
(0.116)
|
(0.116)
|
(0.120)
|
(0.119)
|
(0.115)
|
(0.116)
|
|
Upwardly mobile
|
0.404*
|
0.300
|
0.114
|
0.001
|
0.287**
|
0.242*
|
0.240**
|
0.213*
|
| |
(0.196)
|
(0.210)
|
(0.092)
|
(0.098)
|
(0.095)
|
(0.101)
|
(0.091)
|
(0.097)
|
|
Middle class immobile
|
0.667**
|
0.518*
|
0.096
|
(0.059)
|
0.416***
|
0.330**
|
0.237*
|
0.198+
|
| |
(0.223)
|
(0.249)
|
(0.097)
|
(0.111)
|
(0.100)
|
(0.114)
|
(0.096)
|
(0.110)
|
|
Maleb
| |
−0.244
| |
(0.048)
| |
0.088
| |
−0.120
|
| | |
(0.161)
| |
(0.075)
| |
(0.077)
| |
(0.074)
|
|
Age
| |
−0.028**
| |
0.002
| |
0.007+
| |
−0.001
|
| | |
(0.009)
| |
(0.004)
| |
(0.004)
| |
(0.004)
|
|
Shanghai hukouc
| |
0.398
| |
−0.206+
| |
−0.159
| |
0.111
|
| | |
(0.263)
| |
(0.120)
| |
(0.124)
| |
(0.120)
|
|
Have one childd
| |
−0.144
| |
(0.075)
| |
0.325**
| |
−0.175
|
| | |
(0.258)
| |
(0.118)
| |
(0.121)
| |
(0.117)
|
|
Education levele
| | | | | | | | |
|
Senior high
| |
0.484**
| |
0.238**
| |
−0.061
| |
0.076
|
| | |
(0.185)
| |
(0.088)
| |
(0.090)
| |
(0.087)
|
|
College and above
| |
0.149
| |
0.367**
| |
0.191
| |
0.084
|
| | |
(0.254)
| |
(0.118)
| |
(0.122)
| |
(0.118)
|
|
Constant
|
/
|
/
|
−0.050
|
0.009
|
−.253***
|
−0.797**
|
−0.146*
|
−0.025
|
| | | |
(0.059)
|
(0.235)
|
(.061)
|
(0.242)
|
(0.059)
|
(0.234)
|
|
R2
|
.008
|
.022
|
.004
|
.022
|
.026
|
0.046
|
0.012
|
0.021
|
|
N
|
803
|
803
|
756
|
756
|
756
|
756
|
756
|
756
|
- The standard errors are in parentheses
- +p<0.1,*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 (two-tailed test)
- Reference groups: aworking-class parents, bfemale, cparents with multiple children, and djunior high or lower. eThe model of the parent-child relationship shows the pseudo-R squared
