Does preschool attendance affect the urban-rural cognition gap among middle school students? Evidence from China Education Panel Survey

The Journal of Chinese Sociology

Table 2 Preschool experience of urban and rural students

Grade	Sample		N	Mean	Diff.	Effect size
1. The proportion of preschool attendance
7	Nationwide	Urban	4332	85.66%	8.22%^***	0.212
	Nationwide	Rural	5104	77.45%	8.22%^***	0.212
	West region	Urban	1181	87.47%	13.39%^***	0.346
	West region	Rural	1111	74.08%	13.39%^***	0.346
9	Nationwide	Urban	3637	84.11%	9.71%^***	0.239
	Nationwide	Rural	4675	74.40%	9.71%^***	0.239
	West region	Urban	1046	85.28%	14.36%^***	0.354
	West region	Rural	973	70.91%	14.36%^***	0.354
2. The duration of preschool education (the years of staying at kindergarten)
7	Nationwide	Urban	3688	2.42	0.45^***	0.328
	Nationwide	Rural	4317	1.97	0.45^***	0.328
	West region	Urban	1011	2.47	0.75^***	0.577
	West region	Rural	954	1.71	0.75^***	0.577
9	Nationwide	Urban	3145	2.31	0.57^***	0.422
	Nationwide	Rural	4041	1.74	0.57^***	0.422
	West region	Urban	919	2.34	0.91^***	0.722
	West region	Rural	857	1.43	0.91^***	0.722