The Journal of Chinese Sociology

Table 3 The effect of preschool attendance on cognitive ability

From: Does preschool attendance affect the urban-rural cognition gap among middle school students? Evidence from China Education Panel Survey

Sample		OLS	PSM
Sample		OLS	Caliper	Neighbors within caliper	Kernel	Local linear regression
Grade 7	Nationwide pooled	0.162^***(0.024)	0.172^***(0.025)	0.183^***(0.027)	0.178^***(0.025)	0.180^***(0.032)
	Nationwide urban	0.203^***(0.042)	0.205^***(0.044)	0.252^***(0.046)	0.203^***(0.043)	0.221^***(0.055)
	Nationwide rural	0.136^***(0.025)	0.135^***(0.029)	0.162^***(0.032)	0.142^***(0.029)	0.136^***(0.037)
	Western pooled	0.223^***(0.044)	0.227^***(0.058)	0.247^***(0.063)	0.241^***(0.055)	0.264^***(0.077)
	Western urban	0.305^***(0.068)	0.284^***(0.093)	0.279^***(0.096)	0.317^***(0.084)	0.345^***(0.112)
	Western rural	0.164^***(0.047)	0.157^**(0.067)	0.175^**(0.071)	0.175^***(0.064)	0.190^**(0.079)
Grade 9	Nationwide pooled	0.098^***(0.023)	0.100^***(0.025)	0.085^***(0.027)	0.111^***(0.025)	0.130^***(0.033)
	Nationwide urban	0.097^**(0.039)	0.079^*(0.047)	0.053(0.050)	0.087^*(0.045)	0.103^*(0.058)
	Nationwide rural	0.101^***(0.029)	0.111^***(0.029)	0.112^***(0.031)	0.128^***(0.028)	0.121^***(0.037)
	Western pooled	0.116^**(0.045)	0.101^*(0.060)	0.136^*(0.063)	0.117^**(0.059)	0.212^***(0.072)
	Western urban	0.141^*(0.071)	0.096(0.111)	0.062(0.113)	0.064(0.106)	0.116(0.132)
	Western rural	0.113^*(0.061)	0.139^**(0.066)	0.151^**(0.071)	0.166^**(0.065)	0.198^**(0.080)

Notes:(1) Each coefficient is from a separate model; (2) ^*p<0.1, ^**p<0.05, ^***p<0.01; (3) All control variables are included in OLS models and the clustered standard errors are in parentheses; (4) The Average Treatment effects for the treated (ATT) are reported for PSM estimation and the standard errors are in parentheses

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