Table 4 Granger test of stratum attention and macro-level economic and political factors in different stages of the reform
Period | Null hypothesis | Observation | Chi2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1978–1990 | fd_GDPcp is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 13 | 0.11 | 0.742 |
fd_GINI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 13 | 0.85 | 0.356 | |
fd_PDI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 13 | 3.39* | 0.066 | |
fd_IO is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 13 | 12.13*** | 0.000 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GDPcp | 13 | 0.78 | 0.377 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GINI | 13 | 0.18 | 0.676 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_PDI | 13 | 4′4.90** | 0.027 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_IO | 13 | 4.60** | 0.032 | |
1991–1999 | fd_GDPcp is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 15.49*** | 0.000 |
fd_GINI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 8.88*** | 0.003 | |
fd_PDI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 4.93** | 0.026 | |
fd_IO is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 17.11*** | 0.000 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GDPcp | 9 | 1.28 | 0.258 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GINI | 9 | 5.89** | 0.015 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_PDI | 9 | 2.48 | 0.115 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_IO | 9 | 1.1 | 0.294 | |
2000–2008 | fd_GDPcp is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 0.01 | 0.927 |
fd_GINI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 9.55** | 0.002 | |
fd_PDI is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 14.06*** | 0.000 | |
fd_IO is not a Granger cause of fd_LC | 9 | 0.21 | 0.65 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GDPcp | 9 | 210.24*** | 0.000 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_GINI | 9 | 147.66*** | 0.000 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_PDI | 9 | 115.83*** | 0.000 | |
fd_LC is not a Granger cause of fd_IO | 9 | 55.55*** | 0.000 |