Table 1 Statistical description of main variables
Variable | Sample size | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum value | Maximum value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | |||||
Charitable donation (yuan, logarithm) | 2563 | 7.41 | 4.32 | 0 | 16.12 |
Pollution control investment (yuan, logarithm) | 2603 | 3.50 | 5.10 | 0 | 16.38 |
Social insurance investment (yuan, logarithm) | 1947 | 7.88 | 5.67 | 0 | 16.85 |
Employee training investment (yuan, logarithm) | 2649 | 6.71 | 5.00 | 0 | 15.04 |
Charity sales ratio (logarithm) | 2561 | 2.14 | 1.82 | 0 | 9.32 |
Pollution control sales ratio (logarithm) | 2602 | 1.06 | 1.84 | 0 | 9.79 |
Social security sales ratio (logarithm) | 1946 | 2.96 | 2.38 | 0 | 9.47 |
Training sales ratio (logarithm) | 2649 | 1.94 | 1.83 | 0 | 7.91 |
Independent variable | |||||
Family ownership involvement | 2734 | 0.80 | 0.29 | 0 | 1 |
Involvement of family management rights | 2734 | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 |
Control variable | |||||
Gender (1 = male) | 2734 | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 |
Education (1 = University and above) | 2734 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
Political connections (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Diversity (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
Manufacturing (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Corporate history | 2734 | 8.80 | 4.60 | 1 | 21 |
Region | |||||
Eastern (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Central (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 |
Western (1 = yes) | 2734 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 |
Number of employees (logarithm) | 2734 | 4.05 | 1.56 | 0.69 | 9.20 |
Sales (ten thousand yuan, logarithm) | 2734 | 6.72 | 2.25 | 0.41 | 15.19 |
Sales margin | 2734 | 10.89 | 16.38 | 0 | 100 |