| China | Japan | South Korea | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
Socioeconomic status indicators | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Self-rated social class | 0.053* | 0.043 | − 0.010 | − 0.029 | − 0.005 | − 0.021 |
 | (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.031) | (0.032) | (0.036) | (0.037) |
Education (rf. Less than high school) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 High school | 0.498*** | 0.400** | 0.936*** | 0.928*** | 0.279 | 0.268 |
 | (0.122) | (0.124) | (0.175) | (0.182) | (0.173) | (0.177) |
 College and above | 0.676*** | 0.287+ | 1.677*** | 1.393*** | 0.670*** | 0.560** |
 | (0.143) | (0.159) | (0.188) | (0.200) | (0.189) | (0.196) |
Household income level (rf. First quartile) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Second quartile | 0.055 | 0.119 | − 0.099 | − 0.060 | − 0.027 | − 0.022 |
 | (0.185) | (0.188) | (0.196) | (0.202) | (0.217) | (0.220) |
 Third quartile | 0.253 | 0.323+ | 0.208 | 0.203 | − 0.075 | − 0.062 |
 | (0.178) | (0.180) | (0.142) | (0.147) | (0.252) | (0.257) |
 Fourth quartile | 0.425* | 0.464* | 0.089 | 0.102 | 0.097 | 0.034 |
 | (0.182) | (0.184) | (0.157) | (0.163) | (0.270) | (0.273) |
Global exposure index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Level of global exposure | Â | 0.381*** | Â | 0.413*** | Â | 0.176*** |
 |  | (0.074) |  | (0.055) |  | (0.049) |
Control variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gender (1 = male) | 0.066 | 0.034 | − 0.466*** | − 0.468*** | − 0.458*** | − 0.560*** |
 | (0.101) | (0.103) | (0.104) | (0.107) | (0.119) | (0.122) |
Age | − 0.084*** | − 0.071** | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.035 |
 | (0.024) | (0.025) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.023) | (0.024) |
Age square/100 | 0.053+ | 0.041 | − 0.039+ | − 0.037+ | − 0.030 | − 0.029 |
 | (0.027) | (0.028) | (0.020) | (0.021) | (0.024) | (0.024) |
Marital status (1 = married) | − 0.191 | − 0.141 | 0.062 | 0.028 | − 0.229 | − 0.129 |
 | (0.153) | (0.157) | (0.129) | (0.134) | (0.155) | (0.158) |
Religious affiliated (1 = yes) | 0.220 | 0.227 | 0.237* | 0.166 | 0.201+ | 0.190+ |
 | (0.159) | (0.161) | (0.112) | (0.116) | (0.112) | (0.113) |
Paid job (1 = yes) | − 0.116 | − 0.152 | − 0.235+ | − 0.209 | 0.149 | 0.145 |
 | (0.136) | (0.137) | (0.138) | (0.142) | (0.164) | (0.166) |
Urban (1 = yes) | 0.425** | 0.405** | 0.260* | 0.151 | − 0.282+ | − 0.315+ |
 | (0.131) | (0.132) | (0.105) | (0.109) | (0.164) | (0.167) |
Constant | 0.272 | − 0.115 | − 1.929*** | − 2.040*** | − 0.807 | − 0.880 |
 | (0.471) | (0.485) | (0.505) | (0.520) | (0.545) | (0.553) |
Log-likelihood | − 1355.6 | − 1331.1 | − 1193.1 | − 1135.6 | − 994.9 | − 971.6 |
N | 2964 | 2964 | 1819 | 1819 | 1293 | 1293 |